greatmedicineonline

Cholera

2008-09-23T02:29:00.000-07:00

Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is a contagious gastroenteritis caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Transmission to humans occurs through the process of ingesting contaminated water or food. The major reservoir for cholera was long assumed to be humans themselves, but considerable evidence exists those aquatic environments can serve as reservoirs of the bacteria.

Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative bacterium that produces cholera toxin, an enterotoxin, whose action on the mucosal epithelium lining of the small intestine is responsible for the characteristic massive diarrhoea of the disease.In its most severe forms, cholera is one of the most rapidly fatal illnesses known, and a healthy person may become hypotensive within an hour of the onset of symptoms; infected patients may die within three hours if treatment is not provided. In a common scenario, the disease progresses from the first liquid stool to shock in 4 to 12 hours, with death following in 18 hours to several days without oral rehydration therapy.

Blindness

2008-09-10T05:01:00.000-07:00

Blindness is the condition of missing visual perception due to physiological or neurological factors.

Various scales have been developed to explain the extent of vision loss and define "blindness”. Total blindness is the entire lack of form and visual light perception and is clinically recorded as "NLP," an abbreviation for "no light perception”. Blindness is normally used to describe severe visual impairment with residual vision. Those described as having only "light perception" have no more sight than the capacity to tell light from dark. A person with only "light projection" can tell the common direction of a light source.

In order to determine which people may need special assistance because of their visual disabilities, various governmental jurisdictions have formulated more difficult definitions referred to as legal blindness. In North America and most of Europe, legal blindness is defined as visual acuity (vision) of 20/200 (6/60) or less in the improved eye with best correction possible. This means that a officially blind individual would have to stand 20 feet (6.1 m) from an object to see it—with vision correction—with the same degree of clarity as a usually sighted person could from 200 feet (61 m). In many areas, people with average acuity who nevertheless have a visual field of less than 20 degrees (the norm being 180 degrees) are also classified as being legally blind. About ten percent of those deemed legally blind, by any measure, have no vision. The rest have some vision, from light perception alone to comparatively good acuity. Low vision is sometimes used to illustrate visual acuities from 20/70 to 20/200.

Gastroenteritis

2008-08-13T00:34:00.001-07:00

Gastroenteritis (also known as gastro, gastric flu, and stomach flu although unrelated to influenza) is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, involving both the stomach and the small intestine and resulting in acute diarrhea. The inflammation is caused most often by infection with certain viruses, less often by bacteria or their toxins, parasites, or poor reaction to something in the diet or medication. Worldwide, insufficient treatment of gastroenteritis kills 5 to 8 million people per year, and is a leading cause of death among infants and children under 5.

At least 50% of cases of gastroenteritis as food borne illness are due to nor virus. An additional 20% of cases, and the majority of severe cases in children, are due to rotavirus. Other significant viral agents include adenovirus and astrovirus.

Many unusual bacteria can cause gastroenteritis, including Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Yersinia, and others. Various sources of the infection are improperly prepared food, reheated meat dishes, seafood, dairy, and bakery products. Each organism causes somewhat different symptoms but all result in diarrhea.

Skin Cancer

2008-08-05T04:16:00.001-07:00

Skin cancer is a cruel growth on the skin which can have many causes. Skin cancer usually develops in the epidermis (the outermost layer of skin), so a tumor is usually clearly visible. This makes most skin cancers visible in the early stages. There are three general types of skin cancer, each of which is named after the type of skin cell from which it arises. Cancers may occur by UV exposure may be prevented by avoiding exposure to sunlight or other UV sources, and wearing sun-protective clothes. The use of sunscreen is suggested by medical organizations as a measure that helps to protect against skin cancer.

Unlike various types of cancers, including those originating in the lung, pancreas, and stomach, only a small minority of those afflicted will actually die of the disease. Skin cancers are the highest growing type of cancer in the United States. Skin cancer represents the most frequently diagnosed malignancy, surpassing lung, breast, colorectal and prostate cancer. More than 1 million Americans are diagnosed with skin cancer in 2008.

Blindness

2008-07-28T22:34:00.001-07:00

Hydrocephalus

2008-07-27T22:21:00.000-07:00

Hydrocephalus is due to a trouble with the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the liquid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

CSF moves throughout pathways of the brain called ventricles. It also flows around the exterior of the brain and through the spinal canal. Higher-than-normal amounts of CSF can occur in the brain if the flow or combination of CSF is blocked, or if too much CSF is produced. The build up of liquid puts pressure on the brain, pushing the brain up against the skull and damaging or destroying brain tissues.

The symptoms depend on the cause of the blockage, the person's age, and how much brain tissue has been injured by the swelling.

Bacterial vaginosis

2008-07-24T22:15:00.000-07:00

Bacterial vaginosis or vaginitis is an inflammation which occurs in the vagina and includes a number of strains of germ that cause bacterial vaginosis yeast infections and trichomoniasis. Many women wrongly believe that yeast infections are the most common type of vaginal infection but bacterial vaginosis is the most frequently occurring vaginal infection affecting from 10 percent to 64 percent of the female population at any given time.

Bacterial vaginosis occurs mainly during the reproductive years although women of all ages are susceptible to this infection that affects the vagina, urethra, bladder, and skin in the genital area.

Pneumonia

2008-07-23T22:19:00.001-07:00

Pneumonia is a provocative illness of the lung. Normally, it is described as lung parenchyma/alveolar inflammation and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid. (The alveoli are microscopic air-filled sacs in the lungs in charge for absorbing oxygen from the atmosphere.) Pneumonia can result from a variety of causes, as well as infection with bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, and chemical or physical injury to the lungs. Its cause may also be formally described as idiopathic—that is, unknown—when infectious causes have been excluded.

Typical symptoms connected with pneumonia include cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty in breathing. Diagnostic tools include x-rays and test of the sputum. Treatment depends on the basis of pneumonia; bacterial pneumonia is treated with antibiotics.

Pneumonia is a general illness which occurs in all age groups, and is a leading cause of death among the elderly and people who are chronically and terminally ill. . Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia are available. The prognosis depends on the type of pneumonia, the appropriate treatment, any complications, and the person's fundamental health.

Anemia

2008-07-22T22:13:00.000-07:00

Anemia (AmE) or anæmia/anaemia (BrE), from the Greek (Ἀναιμία) (an-aîmia) meaning "without blood," is defined as a qualitative or quantitative lack of hemoglobin, a molecule found inside red blood cells (RBCs). Since hemoglobin usually carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, anemia leads to hypoxia (lack of oxygen) in organs. Because all human cells depend on oxygen for survival, varying degrees of anemia can have a wide range of clinical consequences.

The three major classes of anemia include excessive blood loss (acutely such as a hemorrhage or chronically through low-volume loss), excessive blood cell destruction (hemolysis) or deficient red blood cell production (ineffective hematopoiesis).

Anemia is the most general disorder of the blood. There are several kinds of anemia, caused by a variety of underlying causes. Anemia can be classified in a range of ways, based on the morphology of RBCs, underlying etiologic mechanisms, and discernible clinical spectra, to mention a few.

Wheat Allergy

2008-07-21T22:38:00.000-07:00

Wheat allergy, also known as wheat hypersensitivity is most generally a food allergy, but can also be a respiratory or contact allergy resulting from occupational exposure. Normally the allergy is limited to the seed storage proteins of wheat, some reactions are restricted to wheat proteins, while others can react across many varieties of seeds and other plant tissues. Wheat allergy may be a misnomer because there are many allergenic components in wheat, for example serine proteinase inhibitors, glutelins and prolamins and different responses are often attributed to different proteins. The most severe response is exercise/aspirin induced anaphylaxis recognized to one omega gliadin that is a relative of the protein that causes coeliac disease. Other more well-known system includes nausea, urticaria, atopy.

There are four main classes of seed storage proteins: albumins, globulins, prolamins and glutelins. Within wheat prolamins are known as gliadins and glutelins are called glutenins. These two protein groups form the standard glutens. Though gluten is a causative agent of Coeliac disease (CD), coeliac disease can be contrasted to gluten allergy by the involvement of different immune cells and antibody types and because the list of allergens extend beyond the classic gluten category of proteins.

Rabies Disease

2008-07-20T21:54:00.001-07:00

Rabies (Latin: rabies, “madness, rage, fury” also “hydrophobia”) is a viral zoon tic neuroinvasive disease that causes sharp encephalitis (irritation of the brain) in mammals.

In non-vaccinated humans, rabies is nearly invariably fatal after neurological symptoms have developed, but prompt post-exposure vaccination may avoid the virus from progressing. There are only six known cases of a person surviving symptomatic rabies, and only one known case of survival in which the patient received no rabies-specific cure either before or after illness onset.

The disease is a Lyssavirus. This genus of RNA disease also includes the Aravan virus, Australian bat lyssavirus, Duvenhage virus, European bat lyssavirus 1, European bat lyssavirus 2, Irkut virus, Khujand virus, Lagos bat virus, Mokola virus and West Caucasian bat virus. Lyssaviruses have helical symmetry, so their infectious particles are about cylindrical in shape. This is typical of plant-infecting viruses; human-infecting viruses more generally have cubic symmetry and take shapes approximating regular polyhedra. Negri bodies in the impure neurons are pathognomonic.

Appendicitis

2008-07-18T00:29:00.000-07:00

On the basis of experimental confirmation, acute appendicitis seems to be the end result of a primary obstruction of the appendix lumen. Once this obstruction occurs the appendix subsequently becomes filled with mucus and swells, rising pressures within the lumen and the walls of the appendix, resulting in thrombosis and occlusion of the small vessels, and stasis of lymphatic flow. Rarely, natural recovery can occur at this point. As the previous progresses, the appendix becomes ischemic and then necrotic. As bacteria begin to leak out through the dying walls, pus forms inside and around the appendix (suppuration).

The end result of this cascade is appendicle rupture causing peritonitis, which may lead to septicemia and finally death. Among the causative agents, such as foreign bodies, trauma, intestinal worms, and lymphadenitis, the amount of an obstructing fecalith has attracted attention. The prevalence of fecaliths in patients with appendicitis is much higher in developed than in developing countries, and an appendiceal fecalith is usually associated with complicated appendicitis. Moreover, fecal stasis and arrest may play a role, as demonstrated by a significantly lower number of bowel movements per week in patients with acute appendicitis compared with healthy controls.

Tuberculosis

2008-07-16T21:49:00.000-07:00

Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or Tuberculosis) is a general and deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis most normally attacks the lungs (as pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the circulatory system, the genitourinary system, bones, joints and even the skin. Other mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium canetti, and Mycobacterium microti can also cause tuberculosis, but these species do not generally infect healthy adults.

One third of the world's current population has been affectde by TB, and new infections occur at a rate of one per second. Not everybody infected develops the full-blown disease; asymptomatic, latent infection is most common. But, one in ten latent infections will progress to active disease, which, if left untreated, kills more than half of its victims

Paralysis Disease

2008-07-15T23:21:00.000-07:00

Paralysis is the complete failure of muscle function for one or more muscle groups. Paralysis can cause loss of emotion or loss of mobility in the affected area.

Paralysis is most often caused by injure to the nervous system or brain, especially the spinal cord. Partial paralysis can also happen in the REM stage of sleep. Most important causes are stroke, trauma, poliomyelitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), botulism, spina bifida, multiple sclerosis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Poisons that get in the way with nerve function, such as curare, can also cause paralysis. Many causes of this are varied, and could also be unidentified.

Paralysis may be localized, or generalized, or it may follow a certain instance. For instance, localized paralysis occurs in Bell's palsy where one side of the face may be paralyzed due to inflammation of the facial nerve on that side. Patients with stroke may be weak all over their body (global paralysis) or have hemiplegia (weakness on one side of the body) or other patterns of paralysis depending on the area of injure in the brain. Other patterns of paralysis occur due to different lesions and their sequelae.

Whooping Coughing

2008-07-14T22:27:00.000-07:00

In adults, signs and symptoms of whooping cough may be similar to those of bronchitis, a respiratory infection that causes a nagging cough. Babies and infants with whooping cough may not whoop at all, or at least not as loudly as elder children do. Some children with whooping cough may experience choking spells and turn blue in the face as they oppose to breathe after extended coughing.

Severe coughing can result in tiny red spots caused by ruptures in blood vessels at the skin's surface (petechiae) in the upper body, since small areas of bleeding in the whites of the eyes. You may even bruise or break a rib if your coughing episodes are harsh. Coughing may be poor at night.

Dengue Fever

2008-07-13T22:23:00.000-07:00

Dengue fever is a sickness caused by a family of viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes. It is a severe illness of sudden onset that usually follows a benign course with headache, fever, exhaustion, severe joint and muscle pain, swollen glands (lymphadenopathy), and rash. The presence (the "dengue triad") of fever, rash, and headache (and other pains) is mainly characteristic of dengue.

Dengue (pronounced DENG-gay) strikes people with low levels of resistance. Because it is caused by one of four serotypes of virus, it is possible to get dengue fever many times. Though, an attack of dengue produces immunity for a lifetime to that particular serotype to which the patient was exposed.

Dengue goes by new names, including "breakbone" or "dandy fever." Victims of dengue often have contortions due to the strong joint and muscle pain, hence the name breakbone fever. Slaves in the West Indies who contracted dengue were said to have dandy fever since the postures and gait.

Irregular Pulse

2008-07-10T22:21:00.001-07:00

In medicine, a person's pulse is the throbbing of their arteries as an result of the heart beat. It can be felt in any position that allows for an artery to be condensed against a bone, such as at the neck (carotid artery), at the wrist (radial artery), behind the knee (popliteal artery), on the inside of the elbow (brachial artery), and close to the ankle joint (posterior tibial artery). The pulse rate can also be calculated by measuring the heart beats directly (the apical pulse).

Pulse is also used, though incorrectly, to denote the frequency of the heart beat, usually measured in beats per minute. Under certain conditions, including arrhythmias, some of the heart beats are ineffective, and the aorta is not stretched enough to create a palpable pressure wave. The pulse is too unequal and the heart rate can be (much) higher than the pulse rate. In this condition, the heart rate should be determined by auscultation of the heart apex, in which case it is not the pulse. The pulse shortfall (difference between heart beats and pulsations at the periphery) should be determined by simultaneous palpation at the radial artery and auscultation at the heart apex.

Nose Bleed

2008-07-09T22:14:00.000-07:00

The nose is a part of the body rich in blood vessels (vascular) and is located in a vulnerable position as it protrudes on the face. As a result, trauma to the face can cause nasal damage and bleeding. The bleeding may be profuse, or just a minor complication. Nosebleeds can occur suddenly when the nasal membranes dry out and crack. This is general in dry climates, or during the winter months when the air is dry and warm from household heaters. People are more vulnerable to bleeding if they are taking medications which prevent normal blood clotting [warfarin (Coumadin), aspirin, or any anti-inflammatory medication]. In this condition, even a minor trauma could result in significant bleeding.

The occurrence of nosebleeds is higher during the colder winter months when upper respiratory infections are more frequent, and the temperature and humidity fluctuate more dramatically. In addition, changes from a bitter cold outside environment to a warm, dry, heated home results in drying and changes in the nose which will make it more vulnerable to bleeding. Nosebleeds also occur in hot dry climates with low humidity, or when there is a vary in the seasons.

Polio attack Disease

2008-07-08T22:42:00.000-07:00

Poliomyelitis, also Known as polio or infantile paralysis, is a highly infectious viral disease that may attack the central nervous system and is characterized by symptoms that range from a mild nonparalytic infection to whole paralysis in a matter of hours.

There are three known types of polioviruses (called 1,2, and 3), each causing a unusual strain of the disease and all are members of the viral family of enteroviruses (viruses that infect the gastrointestinal tract). Type 1 is the cause of epidemics and many cases of paralysis, which is the most severe symptom of the infection. The virus is generally a harmless parasite of human beings. Some statistics quote one in 200 infections as significant to paralysis while others state that one in 1,000 cases reach the central nervous system (CNS).

Cowpox Disease

2008-07-07T22:44:00.000-07:00

Cowpox is caused by the cowpox or catpox virus, a part of the orthopoxvirus family, which also includes smallpox and vaccinia. The virus is supposed to be acquired by direct contact with an infected animal, most often a cat in the case of humans, with lesions occurring where the virus gains access through broken skin. Infection normally remains localized at the initial site of inoculation, though lymphatic spread in a sporotrichoid pattern and generalized skin infection have been reported.
Since, a member of the Orthopoxvirus family, cowpox is a large double-stranded DNA virus that replicates in cell cytoplasm. Viral particles bind to plasma covering receptors on host cells and then enter into the cytoplasm, where the viral genome is replicated and viral progeny are assembled. After new viral particles are assembled, the host cell lyses, releasing infectious virus, which can enter nearby cells.

Glycemic control

2008-07-06T22:15:00.000-07:00

Glycemic control is a medical name referring to the typical levels of blood sugar (glucose) in a person with diabetes mellitus. Much verification suggests that many of the long-term complications of diabetes, especially the microvascular complications, result from many years of hyperglycemia (elevated levels of glucose in the blood). Good glycemic control, in the sense of a "target" for treatment, has become an significant goal of diabetes care.

Because blood sugar levels vary throughout the day and glucose records are imperfect indicators of these changes, the percentage of hemoglobin which is glycosylated is used as a proxy measure of long-term glycemic control in research trials and clinical care of people with diabetes. This test, the hemoglobin A1c or glycosylated hemoglobin reflects average glucoses over the previous 2-3 months. In nondiabetic persons with normal glucose metabolism the glycosylated hemoglobin is generally 4-6% by the most common methods (normal ranges may vary by method).

How To Avoid Cancer

2008-07-03T22:03:00.001-07:00

It's the third major cause of death in Australia. And while death rates are coming down for some cancers, cancers are not easy to treat unless they're caught in the early stages. This is because by and large, we're still using surgery as the main treatment approach and when the cancer spreads, surgery is much less helpful.

But a lot of cancer is avoidable, according to a panel of experts who've reviewed the available scientific evidence about cancer, diet and exercise, and come up with some guidelines as to how we can lower cancer rates.
Over five years, scientists working for the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) from nine universities in four countries looked at the existing research and published their findings in a report called Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer. There's a review of it and an editorial in last month's British Medical Journal by a professor of cancer research at Oxford University

Tips to Control High Blood Pressure

2008-07-02T22:37:00.001-07:00

The heart, a muscle about the size of a fist, is one of the hardest functioning organs in our bodies. Over the way of an average life span, it beats about two and a half billion times without ever taking a break. The daily choices we make about how we live our lives determine our hearts' capability to function optimally.

According to the American Heart Association, cardiovascular disease is the number one destroyer in the United States. More than 2,600 people die of heart disease each day, which translates into one cardiovascular death every 33 seconds.

Despite the significance and prevalence of heart disease, cardiovascular problems aren't inevitable. There are steps you can take -- eating a healthy, low-fat diet and getting plenty of exercise -- to decrease your risk. On the other hand, bad habits such as smoking and drinking too much alcohol overload our already busy hearts and cause them to break down.

Bone cancer

2008-07-01T22:28:00.000-07:00

Bone cancer is caused by a trouble with the cells that create bone. More than 2,000 citizens are diagnosed in the United States each year with a bone tumor. Bone tumors occur most normally in children and adolescents and are less common in older adults. Cancer involving the bone in older adults is most normally the result of metastatic spread from another tumor.
There are various types of bone cancer. The most general bone tumors include osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, fibrosarcoma, and chordoma

Peptic Ulcer

2008-06-26T22:21:00.001-07:00

A peptic ulcer, also well-known as PUD or peptic ulcer disease, is an ulcer (defined as mucosal erosions equal to or greater than 0.5 cm) of a region of the gastrointestinal tract that is typically acidic and thus enormously painful. Tobacco smoking, not eating properly, blood group, spices and other factors that were supposed to cause ulcers until late in the 20th century, are actually of relatively minor importance in the development of peptic ulcers.

A main causative factor (60% of gastric and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers) is chronic inflammation due to Helicobacter pylori that colonizes (i.e. settles there after entering the body) the antral mucosa. The immune system is incapable to clear the infection, despite the appearance of antibodies. Thus, the bacterium can cause a chronic active gastritis (type B gastritis), ensuing in a defect in the regulation of gastrin production by that part of the stomach, and gastrin secretion can either be decreased (most cases) resulting in hypo- or achlorhydria or increased. Gastrin stimulates the creation of gastric acid by parietal cell and, in H. pylori colonization responses that increase gastrin, the increase in acid can contribute to the erosion of the mucosa and therefore ulcer formation. Studies have exposed eating cabbage or cabbage juice can increase the mucosa lining in the stomach.

Low Blood Pressure

2008-06-25T22:18:00.001-07:00

Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, and constitutes one of the main vital signs. Blood pressure is generated by the heart pumping blood into the arteries and is regulated by the arteries to the flow of blood.

By principle, an individual's blood pressure is expressed as systolic/diastolic blood pressure, for example, 120/80.The systolic blood pressure (the top number) represents the force in the arteries as the muscle of the heart contracts and pumps blood into them. The diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) represents the force in the arteries as the muscle of the heart relaxes after it contracts. Blood pressure always is high when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxing.

How to Avoid Diabetes

2008-06-24T22:13:00.000-07:00

Everybody wants to avoid diabetes. Diabetes is a question that will affect everyone at one point in life, whether directly or indirectly. This newsletter will give you with more information on diabetes and perhaps will lead to lifestyle changes that can help you, your friends, and family, avoid this terrible and mostly preventable disease.

A person with "adult-onset" diabetes (Type II) has high blood sugar levels since the cells of the body do not react to insulin (they are "insulin-resistant"). Insulin is a hormone released from the pancreas and it will stimulates blood sugar uptake by cells of the body.

The cells then use this sugar for energy, however constantly elevated blood sugar levels can be unhealthy. In 1996, it was reported that the number of diabetes cases is going to increase to 250 million worldwide by 2025.

Heart attack

2008-06-24T02:39:00.000-07:00

Heart attacks are the most important cause of death for both men and women all over the world. Significant risk factors are previous cardiovascular disease (such as angina, a previous heart attack or stroke), older age (especially men over 40 and women over 50), tobacco smoking, high blood levels of certain lipids (triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein or "bad cholesterol") and low high density lipoprotein (HDL, "good cholesterol"), diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, excessive alcohol consumption, the abuse of certain drugs (such as cocaine), and chronic high stress levels.

Instant treatment for suspected acute myocardial infarction includes oxygen, aspirin, and sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (colloquially referred to as nitroglycerin and abbreviated as NTG or GTN). Pain relief is also frequently given, classically morphine sulfate.

Thyroid

2008-06-22T21:55:00.000-07:00

The thyroid is one of the main endocrine glands in the body. This gland is found in the neck inferior to (below) the thyroid cartilage (also known as the Adam's apple in men) and at around the same level as the cricoid cartilage. The thyroid controls how rapidly the body burns energy, makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones.

The thyroid participates in these processes by producing thyroid hormones, mainly thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones control the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. Iodine is an essential component of both T3 and T4. The thyroid also produces the hormone calcitonin, which plays a main role in calcium homeostasis.

The thyroid is prohibited by the hypothalamus and pituitary. The gland gets its name from the Greek word for "shield", after the form of the related thyroid cartilage. Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) and hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) are the most general problems of the thyroid gland.

Neck Pain

2008-06-19T22:11:00.001-07:00

The neck (cervical spine) is composed of vertebral column that begin in the upper torso and end at the base of the skull. The bony vertebrae along with the ligaments (which are comparable to thick rubber bands) give stability to the spine. The muscles allow for support and activity. The neck has a large amount of activity and supports the weight of the head. However, since it is less protected than the rest of the spine, the neck can be vulnerable to injury and disorders that produce pain and restrict motion. For several people, neck pain is a temporary condition that disappears with time. Other people need medical diagnosis and treatment to relieve their symptoms.

Knee Pain

2008-06-18T21:59:00.000-07:00

The thigh bone (femur) meets the large shin bone (tibia) forming the major knee joint. This joint has an inner (medial) and an outer (lateral) section. The kneecap (patella) joins the femur to structure a third joint, called the patellofemoral joint.

The knee joint is bounded by a joint capsule with ligaments strapping the inside and outside of the joint (collateral ligaments) as well as crossing within the joint (cruciate ligaments). These ligaments give stability and strength to the knee joint.

The meniscus is a thickened cartilage pad between the two joints shaped by the femur and tibia. The meniscus acts as a flat surface for the joint to move on. The knee joint is surrounded by fluid-filled sacs called bursae, which serve as gliding surfaces that decrease friction of the tendons. Under the kneecap, there is a large tendon (patellar tendon) which attaches to the front of the tibia bone. There are large blood vessels passing throughout the area behind the knee (referred to as the popliteal space). In the front of the thigh, the quadriceps muscles enlarge the knee joint. In the back of the thigh, the constrain muscles flex the knee. The knee also rotates a little under guidance of specific muscles of the thigh.

Eye Examination

2008-06-17T21:57:00.000-07:00

An eye examination is a sequence of tests performed by an optometrist or ophthalmologist assessing vision and ability to focus on and discern objects, as well as other tests and examinations pertaining to the eyes. Every people should have periodic and thorough eye examinations as part of routine primary care, especially since many eye diseases are silent or asymptomatic. Eye examinations may notice potentially treatable blinding eye diseases, ocular manifestations of systemic disease, or signs of tumours or other anomalies of the brain.

CT SCAN

2008-06-16T22:13:00.000-07:00

Computed tomography (CT) is a medical imaging technique employing tomography. Digital geometry processing is used to produce a three-dimensional image of the inside of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation. The statement "tomography" is derived from the Greek tomos (slice) and graphein (to write).

Computed tomography was initially known as the "EMI scan" as it was developed at a research branch of EMI, a company best known today for its music and recording business. It was presently known as computed axial tomography (CAT or CT scan) and body section roentgenography.

CT generate a volume of data which can be manipulated, through a process known as windowing, in order to demonstrate various structures based on their ability to block the X-ray beam. Even though historically the images generated were in the axial or transverse plane (orthogonal to the long axis of the body), modern scanners allow this volume of data to be reformatted in various planes or even as volumetric (3D) representations of structures.

Blood Pressure Symptoms

2008-06-15T22:02:00.001-07:00

High blood pressure does not normally cause any symptoms until it has reached a very high level - normally 180/110 mmHg. Symptoms that your blood pressure has reached a extremely high level include:

Ø A headache that lasts for several days
Ø Nausea
Ø Dizziness
Ø Drowsiness
Ø Blurred or double vision
Ø Irregular heartbeat (palpitations)
Ø Or shortness of breath.

If you experience any of these symptoms, you must see your GP as soon as possible.
If you are diagnosed with high blood pressure, it is very essential for you to have your blood pressure checked on a regular basis. Adults should have their blood pressure checked at least once every five years though, ideally, it should be checked more frequently, particularly if you have any contributory risk factors. Most GP surgeries and clinics work a policy where they will arrange for you to have regular blood pressure checks, and they are also available on request. Children will normally have their blood pressure regularly tested as part of their regular health check-ups.

Calcium Channel Blockers

2008-06-12T21:47:00.001-07:00

Calcium channel blockers are a class of drugs that block the entrance of calcium into the muscle cells of the heart and the arteries. It is the entrance of calcium into these cells that causes the heart to contract and arteries to narrow. Through blocking the entry of calcium, CCBs decrease contraction of the heart and dilate (widen) the arteries.

In order to pump blood, the heart request oxygen. The harder the heart works, the extra oxygen it requires. Angina (heart pain) occurs when the supply of oxygen to the heart is insufficient for the amount of work the heart must do. By dilating the arteries, CCBs decrease the pressure in the arteries. This makes it easier for the heart to pump blood, and, as a result, the heart needs a lesser amount of oxygen. Through reducing the heart's need for oxygen, CCBs relieve or prevent angina. CCBs also are used for treating high blood pressure since their blood pressure-lowering effects. CCBs also slow the rate at which the heart beats and are then used for treating certain types of abnormally rapid heart rhythms.

Cancer

2008-06-10T20:47:00.000-07:00

Cancer (medical term: malignant neoplasm) is a group of diseases in which a group of cells display the traits of uncontrolled growth (growth and division beyond the normal limits), invasion (intrusion on and destruction of adjacent tissues), and sometimes metastasis (spread to other locations in the body via lymph or blood). These three malignant properties of cancers distinguish them from benign tumors, which are self-limited, do not invade or metastasize. Mainly cancers form a tumor but some, like leukemia, do not.

Almost all cancers are caused by abnormalities in the genetic material of the transformed cells. These abnormalities may be cause due to the effects of carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke, radiation, chemicals, or infectious agents. Other cancer-promoting genetic abnormalities may be accidentally acquired through errors in DNA replication, or are inherited, and thus present in all cells from birth. Complex interactions between carcinogens and the host genome may clarify why only some develop cancer after exposure to a known carcinogen. New aspects of the genetics of cancer pathogenesis, such as DNA methylation, and microRNAs are gradually more being recognized as important.

Toothache

2008-06-09T22:14:00.001-07:00

Toothache generally refers to pain around the teeth or jaws. In most instances, toothaches are caused by tooth or jaw troubles, such as a dental cavity, a cracked tooth, an exposed tooth root, gum disease, disease of the jaw joint (temporo- mandibular joint), or spasms of the muscles used for chewing. The severity of a toothache can vary from chronic and mild to sharp and excruciating. The pain may be irritated by chewing or by cold or heat. A thorough oral examination, which includes dental x-rays, can help to find out the cause, whether the toothache is coming from a tooth or jaw problem.

Occasionally, a toothache may be caused by a problem not originating from a tooth or the jaw. Pain around the teeth and the jaws may be symptoms of diseases of the heart (such as angina or heart attack), ears (such as inner or external ear infections), and sinuses (air passages of the cheek bones).

Chickenpox Symptoms

2008-06-08T22:13:00.000-07:00

Healthy children normally experience one to two days of fever, sore throat, and malaise approximately two weeks following exposure to VZV. Within 24 hours of these symptoms, a characteristic rash develops at first on the torso and then spreads over the next seven to 10 days outward to the head, arms, and legs. The rash progresses through a predictable development from a red papule ("bug bite") look to blister ("vesicle") to pustule and then scabs over. The vesicle and pustular fluids are extremely concentrated with infectious virus particles. New lesions normally come in "waves" over the skin surface. The patient may thus have recently formed papules, middle-aged vesicles and pustules, and crusted lesions all at the same time. At the highest point of the disease, a patient may have over 300 skin lesions at one time. Once all lesions are scabbed over, the human being is no longer contagious.

symptoms of kidney failure

2008-06-05T21:50:00.000-07:00

In the commencement, kidney failure may be asymptomatic (not producing any symptoms). As kidney function reduces, the symptoms are related to the inability to regulate water and electrolyte balances, to clear waste products from the body, and to promote red blood cell production. Lethargy, weakness, shortness of breath, and generalized swelling could happen. Unrecognized or untreated, life-threatening situation can develop.

Metabolic acidosis, or increased acidity of the body due to the inability to produce bicarbonate, will alter enzyme and oxygen metabolism, causing organ failure.Lack of ability to excrete potassium and rising potassium levels in the serum (hyperkalemia) is associated with fatal heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmias).

Increasing urea levels in the blood (uremia) can affect the function of a variety of organs ranging from the brain (encephalopathy) with alteration of thinking, to inflammation of the heart lining (pericarditis), to decreased muscle function because of low calcium levels (hypocalcemia).

Cholera

2008-06-04T22:03:00.001-07:00

Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is a contagious gastroenteritis caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.[1][2] Transmission to humans occurs through the course of ingesting contaminated water or food. The major reservoir for cholera was long understood to be humans themselves, but considerable evidence exists that aquatic environments can serve as reservoirs of the bacteria.

Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative bacterium that produce cholera toxin, an enterotoxin, whose action on the mucosal epithelium lining of the small intestine is responsible for the characteristic massive diarrhoea of the disease.[1] In its most severe forms, cholera is one of the most speedily fatal illnesses known, and a healthy person may become hypotensive within an hour of the onset of symptoms; infected patients may die within three hours if treatment is not provided.[1] In a common situation, the disease progresses from the first liquid stool to shock in 4 to 12 hours, with death following in 18 hours to several days without oral rehydration therapy.[3][4]

Typhoid Symptoms

2008-06-04T00:15:00.000-07:00

Typhoid fever is characterize by a continued fever as high as 40°C (104°F), profuse sweating, gastroenteritis, and nonbloody diarrhea. Less generally a rash of flat, rose-colored spots may appear.[3]

Naturally, the course of untreated typhoid fever is divided into four individual stages, each lasting approximately one week. In the first week, there is a gradually rising temperature with relative bradycardia, malaise, headache and cough. Epistaxis is seen in a sector of cases and abdominal pain is also possible. There may be a leukopenia with eosinopenia and relative lymphocytosis, a positive diazo reaction and blood cultures are positive for Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi. The typical Widal test is negative in the first week.

In the second week of the illness, the patient lies prostrated with high fever in plateau around 104°F (40°C) and bradycardia (Sphygmo-thermic dissociation), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave. Delirium is common, frequently calm, but sometimes agitated. This delirium gives to typhoid the pet name of "nervous fever". Rose spots show on the lower chest and abdomen in around 1/3 patients. There are rhonchi in lung basis. The abdomen is swollen and painful in the right lower quadrant where borborygmi can be heard. Diarrhea can occur in this stage: six to eight stools in a day, green with a typical smell, comparable to pea-soup. But, constipation is also frequent. The spleen and liver are distended (hepatosplenomegaly) and tender and there is elevation of liver transaminases. The Widal reaction is powerfully positive with antiO and antiH antibodies. Blood cultures are at times still positive at this stage.
.

Asthma Symptoms

2008-06-03T04:10:00.001-07:00

People with asthma knowledge symptoms when the airways tighten, inflame, or fill with mucus. Regular symptoms of asthma include:

Ø Coughing, particularly at night
Ø Wheezing
Ø Smallness of breath
Ø Chest tightness, pain, or pressure

Still, not all person with asthma has the similar symptoms in the same way. You may not have all of these symptoms, or you may have dissimilar symptoms at different times. Your asthma symptoms may also differ from one asthma attack to the next, being mild during one asthma attack and severe during another.

A few people with asthma may go for extended periods without having any symptoms, interrupted by periodic worsening of their symptoms called asthma attacks. Others may have asthma symptoms every day. In addition, a few people with asthma may only have asthma during exercise or asthma with viral infections like colds.

Glucose test

2008-05-29T00:38:00.001-07:00

It is otherwise called as Blood sugar levels or Fasting blood sugar or FBS

Blood is drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected in an airtight vial or a syringe

You should not eat for 6 hours before the test. A random serum glucose test can be done at any time of the day, but results depend on what you drink or eat before the test, as well as activity.

This test is used to evaluate blood glucose levels. It may be used to diagnose or screen for diabetes and to monitor control in patients who have diabetes. Glucose is a major source of energy for most cells of the body, including those in the brain.

Normal Results

Levels up to 100 mg/dL are considered normal.

Levels between 100 and 126 mg/dl are referred to as impaired fasting glucose or pre-diabetes. These levels are considered to be risk factors for type 2 diabetes and its complications.

Note: mg/dL = milligrams per deciliter

Allergy

2008-05-23T05:27:00.000-07:00

It is also called as Hypersensitivity. An allergy is a reaction of your immune system to something that does not trouble most other people. People who have allergies repeatedly are aware to more than one thing.

Substances that repeatedly cause reactions are

* Mold spores

* Pet dander

* Food

* Insect stings

* Pollen

* Dust mites

* Medicines

Allergies can cause a swelling, runny nose, sneezing, itching, rashes or asthma. Symptoms vary. Although allergies can make you feel bad, they generally won't kill you. But, a cruel reaction called anaphylaxis is life ominous.

Hemoglobin

2008-05-19T21:37:00.001-07:00

Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells with the purpose of carries oxygen. A blood test can say to how much hemoglobin you have in your blood.

Blood is taken from a vein, normally from the in the interior of the elbow otherwise the back of the hand. The puncture place is cleaned with antiseptic, along with an elastic band or else blood pressure cuff is placed in the region of the upper arm to apply pressure and limit blood flow through the vein. This causes veins to fill up with blood.

A needle is penetrated into the vein, and the blood is collected in an air tight vial otherwise a syringe. During the process, the band is detached to bring back blood flow. One time the blood has been collected, the needle is detached, and the puncture site is enclosed to prevent any bleeding.

In baby or young children, the region is wash with antiseptic and punctured with a sharp needle or else a lancet. The blood can be collected in a pipette on a slide, onto a test strip, or else into a small container. Cotton otherwise a bandage may be applied to the puncture spot if there is any continuous bleeding.

Fever

2008-05-19T00:38:00.000-07:00

Fever is otherwise called as Hyperthermia; Elevated temperature and Pyrexia. Usually body temperature varies by person, activity, ages well as time of day. The average ordinary body temperature is 98.6°F i.e., .37°C.

Fever is not a disease. Many baby and children extend high fevers by way of minor viral illnesses. While a fever signals to us that a fight might be going on in the body, the fever is fighting in favor of the person, not against.

Many bacteria as well as viruses that cause infections in people increase best at 98.6°F. Increasing the temperature a few degrees can give your body the winning edge. Also fever stimulates the body's immune system to produce more white blood cells, antibodies, as well as other infection fighting agents.

Food poisoning

2008-05-13T22:31:00.000-07:00

Food poisoning is the effect of intake organisms or toxins in unhygienic food. Almost all cases of food poisoning are from ordinary bacteria like Staphylococcus or E. coli.

Food poisoning can affect one person or else it can take place as a rash in a group of people who all ate the same unhygienic food. Food poisoning is apt to occur at school canteen, picnics and huge social functions. These are situations where food may be left unrefrigerated too long or else food preparation practices are not hygienic. Food poisoning frequently occurs from eating dairy products, undercooked meats, or food having mayonaise.
Symptoms

The indications from the most common types of food poisoning usually start within 2 to 6 hours of eating the food responsible. That time might be even a number of days or shorter, depend on the toxin or else organism responsible for the food poisoning. The possible symptoms contain:

Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal cramps
Diarrhea (might be bloody)
Fever and chills
Weakness
Headache

Botulism is a very severe form of food poisoning that can be deadly. It can come from improper home maintenance.

Peptic Ulcer Disease

2008-05-12T23:15:00.000-07:00

A peptic ulcer is a sore or hole in the inside layer of the stomach or duodenum i.e., the first division of the small intestine. People of any age can get an ulcer as well as women are affected just as frequently as men. Over 25 million Americans will endure from an ulcer sometime throughout their life. The good information is that nearly all ulcers are caused by an infection by the bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, and can be healed in about two weeks through antibiotics.
Ulcer information

• Nearly all ulcers are caused by an infection, not fiery food, acidic or strain.
• The mainly general ulcer indication is burning pain in the stomach.
• Your doctor can check you for H. pylori infection.
• Antibiotics are the latest treatment for ulcers.
• Reducing H. pylori infections by means of antibiotics means that your ulcer can be cured for fine.

Doxycycline

2008-05-12T02:15:00.000-07:00

Doxycycline is used to cure from bacterial infections, including pneumonia and other respiratory region disease, acne, infections of skin, genital, Lyme disease, and urinary systems and anthrax. It is as well as used to prevent malaria. Doxycycline is in a group of medications term tetracycline antibiotics. It works with preventing the development and spread of bacteria. Antibiotics will not effort for flu, colds, or other viral infections.

How should this medicine be used?

Doxycycline comes as an ordinary and a coated capsule, a tablet, syrup, and a suspension (liquor), each and every one to take by mouth. Doxycycline is generally taken once or twice a day. Drink a full glass of water with every dose of the tablet or capsule. If your stomach turns out to be upset while you take doxycycline, you might take it with milk or food. Although, taking doxycycline with milk or food may reduce the amount of medication captivated from your stomach.

Back Pain

2008-05-08T00:20:00.000-07:00

Back Pain is also called as Backache. Back pain is one of the mainly ordinary medical problems, affecting 8 out of 10 people sometime at some stage in their lives. Back pain can range as of a dull, steady ache to a sudden quick pain. Sharp back pain comes on suddenly and regularly continues from a few days to a few weeks. Back pain is called chronic if it continues for more than three months.

If your back pain is severe or else doesn't get better after three days, you be supposed to check with your family physician. You should too get medical attention if you have back pain following a wound.

Nausea and vomiting

2008-05-06T22:53:00.000-07:00

Nausea and vomiting are otherwise called as Emesis, Stomach upset, Vomiting, Upset stomach.

Vomiting is a forceful act consummated by a stern, downward tightening of the diaphragm. Simultaneously, the abdominal muscles stiffen against a stress-free stomach with an open sphincter. The contents of the stomach are push up and out. You may have more saliva a minute ago previous to vomiting. Vomiting is regular. Almost all children will vomit a number of times in their childhood. Generally, it is because of a viral gastrointestinal illness. In general, nausea and vomiting do not need urgent medical attention. But, if the symptoms maintain for days, they are cruel, or you cannot remain down any food or fluids, you may have a more severe state.

The subsequent are possible reason of vomiting:

* Seasickness or motion sickness

* Bulimia

* Alcoholism

* Food poisoning

* Food allergies

* Brain tumors

* Chemotherapy in cancer patients

* Migraine headaches

* Morning sickness during pregnancy

* Viral infections

* Medications

X-Ray (Radiography)

2008-05-05T06:13:00.001-07:00

X-Ray (Radiography) is a type of electromagnetic radiation, just similar to visible light. In a health care setting, equipment sends are individual x-ray particles called photons. These particles pass throughout the body. A computer or else special film is used to record the images that are produced.

Structures that are dense for example bone will obstruct most of the x-ray particles, and will show white. Metal and contrast media will also show white. Structures having air will be black and muscle, fat, as well as fluid will show as shades of gray. The test is performing in a hospital radiology department or else in the health care provider's office by an x-ray technologist. There is no restlessness from x-ray exposure. Patients may be asked to stay at a standstill in awkward positions for a small period of time.

Risks

At some stage in a single radiograph, a small little bit of the x-rays pass all through the body. The remaining photons are immersed by tissues in the body. The energy of the immersed photons can split apart into ionize compounds, and this may possibly cause cell damage. Most cell injure is soon treated. But, some is permanent.

For the experience encountered in predictable radiography, the risk of cancer or else transmissible defects is very low. Most specialists feel that this little risk is largely compensate by the benefits of information gained from appropriate imaging. X-rays are checked and regulated to provide the least amount of radiation exposure required to make the image.

Penicillin

2008-05-02T04:44:00.000-07:00

Make use of of penicillin and other antibiotics are very frequent nowadays. The discovery of penicillin has often been express as a wonder drug, and that is accurately what it was. Earlier to the discovery of penicillin, death could occur in what would seem, today to be very minor injuries and diseases. It could arise from minor wounds that became infected or from diseases for example Strep Throat, and venereal diseases for example syphilis and gonorrhea were a much more serious problem.

Early on in 2005, an email came asking for information regarding penicillin. The email was from Dr. Morton Paterson, a retired philosophy professor. He is now living in Canada. He was writing his biography for his grandchildren as a bequest for them. Part of that biography had to do with the impact penicillin take part in in his life. When he emailed me the story, I knew that it was one that I required to share. As a boy, just prior to the discovery of mass producing penicillin, Dr. Paterson had roughly scraped his knee, an injury that he almost died on or after. The following is his account of this injury and how it was treated at that time.

Psychology

2008-04-28T05:43:00.000-07:00

Psychology is defined as the methodical study of behavior and mental processes. Behavior is directly clear and includes things such as talking, eating, and laughing. But a few things of attention to psychologists cannot be directly observed - thoughts, dreaming, and physiological actions such as heart rate. Physiological actions can be studied using medicinal instruments, while thoughts and dreaming can be studied by self-reports. In psychology, behaviors and mental processes are basically interwoven. So as to understand a behavior, we must know a little about additional mental processes- the feeling or emotions that cause the behavior.

Fields of Psychology

Social Psychology.

Clinical Psychology.

Developmental Psychology.

Psychometric Psychology.

Counseling Psychology.

Experimental Psychology.

School Psychology.

Industrial-Organizational Psychologists.

Common Cold

2008-04-25T03:40:00.000-07:00

Irritating throat, sneezing and runny nose each one identify the first signs of a cold. In excess of 200 different viruses are known to cause the signs of the common cold. There is no confirmation that you can get a cold from contact to cold weather or since getting chilled or overheated.

You can get infected by cold viruses through moreover of these methods.

• Touching your skin otherwise by environmental surfaces, for example telephone and step rails, that contain cold germs on them along with then touching your eyes or nose
• Inhaling plunge of mucus full of cold germs from the air

There is no treatment for the common cold, except you can get relief from your cold signs by

• Taking rest
• Intake plenty of liquids
• rinse your throat with warm salt water or apply throat sprays or tablet for a scratchy or aching throat
• Apply petroleum jelly for a raw nose
• Taking aspirin or else acetaminophen for headache or fever

AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome)

2008-04-23T06:04:00.000-07:00

It is also called as HIV. The word AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is the most superior stages of infection with the HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus). HIV is a virus that destroys or spoils cells of the body's resistant system.

HIV most commonly spreads through insecure sex with an infected person. AIDS may possibly spread via sharing drug needles or through make contact with the blood of an infected person. Women can provide it to their babies during pregnancy or childbirth.

The first symptoms of HIV infection may be enlarged glands and similar to flu symptoms. These may change a month or two after infection. Severe symptoms may not come into view until months or years later.

A blood test can notify if you have HIV infection. There is no treatment, but there are many medicines to fight HIV infection as well as the infections and cancers that appear with it. People can be alive with the disease for several years.

Jaundice

2008-04-21T23:56:00.000-07:00

Jaundice is not a illness, but a medical situation in which in excess of bilirubin, a compound formed by the fail of hemoglobin from red blood cells, is circulate in the blood. By this excess of bilirubin causes the skin, eyes, in addition to the mucus membranes turn into yellowish color. This yellowish color is due to the bilirubin liquefy in the fat layer just lower the skin.

Jaundice is familiar in newborn babies and will generally clear without treatment. But, for grown person the symptoms of jaundice generally indicate harm to the liver. If the cause of the jaundice is not taking care of then liver failure can end result.

As jaundice is an indication, not a particular confusion, healing for it based on its cause. These can choice from the taking away of gallstones or tumors to antibiotics to care for illness, to liver transplant in cases where the liver is harshly damaged. Though, for situation like cirrhosis as well as chronic hepatitis, which are everlasting problems, jaundice may be everlasting or recurring.

Tonsils and Adenoids

2008-04-21T03:19:00.000-07:00

Your tonsils and adenoids are division of your lymphatic system. Your tonsils are inside the back of your throat also your adenoids are elevated up, at the back your nose. They help guard you from infection by catching germs coming in via your mouth as well as nose. Occasionally your tonsils as well as adenoids become infected themselves. Tonsillitis put together your tonsils sore and swollen. Enlarged adenoids can be painful, make it difficult to breathe and cause ear troubles.

The first healing for infected tonsils plus adenoids is antibiotics. If you have repeated infections or difficulty breathing, you may require surgical treatment. Surgical treatment is to eradicate the tonsils is tonsillectomy. Surgical treatment to eradicate adenoids is adenoidectomy.

Peripheral Nerve Disorders

2008-04-17T02:28:00.001-07:00

Peripheral Nerve Disorders also called as Peripheral neuritis, Peripheral neuropathy, Neuritis.

Your peripheral nerves are the ones outer surface of your brain and spinal cord. Like inactive on a telephone line, peripheral nerve disorders misrepresent or disrupt the messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

There are more than 100 types of peripheral nerve disorders. They can distress one nerve or else many nerves. A few are the result of other diseases, others like Guillain-Barre syndrome, diabetic nerve problems, Happen later than a virus infection. Still remaining is from nerve compression, like to thoracic outlet syndrome or else carpal tunnel syndrome. In such cases, like to complex regional pain syndrome, the trouble begins later than an injury. A few people are born with peripheral nerve disorders.

An indication often starts regularly, after that gets terrible. They include

Numbness
Pain
Burning or tingling
Muscle weakness
Sensitivity to touch

Treatment seeks to treat any fundamental problem, ease pain and control symptoms.

Physiotherapy

2008-04-16T04:54:00.000-07:00

"Physiotherapy is a health care work concerned with human function and movement as well as maximizing potential:

o It uses physical approach to encourage, retain and bring back physical, psychological as well as social safety, taking account of variant in health status
o It is science oriented, dedicated to extending, applying, estimating and reviewing the indication that underpins and informs its practice and deliverance.
o The exercise of clinical opinion and informed explanation is at its core."

Physiotherapists work in a broad variety of health settings for example in intensive care, mental sickness, stroke healing, work-related health, and care of the aged.

To fabricate a better representation of the range of conditions those physiotherapists can treat,

Electrotherapy, Fractures, Juvenile arthritis, Knee replacement, Lymphoedema, Mental health, Nerve disorders, Osteoarthritis, Asthma, Back pain, Cerebral palsy, Developmental co-ordination disorder, Pain relief, Quadriceps, Repetitive strain, Injury, Strokes, Tinnitus, Ulcers, Varus, Gait, Heart disease, Incontinence, Water therapy, X-rays, Your health and physiotherapy, Z-plasty.

Vaccines

2008-04-11T00:36:00.001-07:00

A vaccine effectively helps your resistance system break the regulations of a certain illness. A vaccine is generally made of the same cells that might make you sick, but they are weak or stationary. Occasionally a vaccine is made of cells that are very close, but not accurately the same, to the cells that would make you ill.

When a vaccine goes through the body, the resistant system responds the similar way it would to any germ. The vaccine is easier to battle than the illness you’re being vaccinated against, and it won’t make you ill while your immune system battles it. One time the immune system figures out how to battle and overcome the antigens, it remembers what mechanism against them. Must such an enemy come into your body again, your body will move to attack it before it has a possibility to execute its plans to make you ill. Occasionally, your immune system wants a refresher course, which is why you get booster doses of a few vaccines. Some antigens are particularly tricky, and vary over time, similar to flu viruses.

Acupuncture

2008-04-10T06:44:00.000-07:00

Acupuncture is the oldest medicinal practices in the earth. Seeing that part of TCM - Traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture seeks to restore and retain health by the encouragement of particular points on the body. Inside the United States, where practitioners integrate medicinal traditions from China, Japan, Korea, and other nations, acupuncture is well thought-out part of CAM - Complementary and alternative medicine.

Acupuncture has been proficient in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years.
Scientists are studying the worth of acupuncture for a wide range of conditions.
Comparatively few problems have been reported from the use of acupuncture. Although, acupuncture can cause potentially severe side effects if not convey correctly by an experienced practitioner.
Inform your health care provider about any opposite and different practices you use. Provide them a full picture of what you do to deal with your health. This will help make sure coordinated and safe care.

Stroke

2008-04-09T04:24:00.000-07:00

A stroke takes place when the blood circulation to part of the brain is blocked or when a blood vessel in the brain explodes, reason damage to a part of the brain. A stroke is also occasionally called a brain attack.

Stroke is the third most important reason of death in the United States. Along with survivors, stroke can cause major disability including paralysis in addition to speech and emotional problems. Most recent treatments are available that can decrease the damage caused by a stroke for a few victims. Although these treatments must to be given soon after the symptoms start.

Treatment may include the subsequent:

Physical therapy to facilitate restores movement, balance, and coordination.

Occupational therapy to facilitate the patient relearn everyday activities such as eating, drinking, dressing, bathing, cooking, reading and writing.

Speech therapy to facilitate stroke patients relearns language and speaking skills, including swallowing, or learns other forms of communication.

Psychological or psychiatric facilitate after a stroke. Psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, frustration, and anger, can be common after a stroke.

Heart Attack (MI - Myocardial infarction)

2008-04-07T05:54:00.000-07:00

Every year in excess of a million people in the U.S. have a heart attack. As regards half of them die. Several people have permanent heart damage or die for the reason that they don't get help out immediately. It's significant to know the symptoms of a heart attack

Those symptoms contain

* Chest discomfort - pressure, squeezing, or pain

* Shortness of breath

* Discomfort in the upper body - arms, shoulder, neck, back

* Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, lightheadedness, sweating

These symptoms can occasionally be different in women. The majority heart attacks take place when a clot in the coronary artery obstructs the supply of blood plus oxygen to the heart. Frequently this leads to an uneven heartbeat called an arrhythmia.

Night blindness

2008-04-04T04:53:00.000-07:00

If you want a nightlight to find your way to the kitchen for a midnight snack, or have trouble seeing while driving in the late afternoon, you may be suffering from a situation known as "night blindness.” Dissimilar animals, human vision is usually not as keen at night. Cats, for example, see well at night for the reason that they have extra rods than cones in their retinas, not like humans.

It is predicted that the majority people take about 20 minutes to see sufficiently in the dark. This time permit your eyes to adjust from the glow of daylight or interior lights. When the light dims, your pupils widen to take in more light.

One of the most general reasons of night blindness is deterioration due to age. In the ordinary aging process, the eye lens turn into less clear and grow up cloudy over time, making it hard to see in dim light. It is predicted that elders need up to 50% more light to see evidently.

Another common cause is uncorrected myopia, or nearsightedness. Still with vision correction, shortsighted people may find their shortsightedness is exacerbating when their pupils widen at night.

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Vaccine

2008-04-03T04:08:00.000-07:00

WHY BCG Vaccine medicine prescribed?

BCG vaccine gives immunity or safeguard against tuberculosis (TB). The vaccine may be prescribed to persons at high possibility of developing TB. In addition used to treat bladder tumors otherwise bladder cancer.

What SIDE EFFECTS caused by this medicine?

BCG vaccine may possibly cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these indications are severe:

* Swollen lymph nodes

* Small red areas at the spot of injection. These generally appear 10-14 days after injection as well as slowly reduce in size. They should fade away after about 6 months.

* Fever

* Blood in the urine

* Frequent or painful urination

* upset stomach

* vomiting

If you experience any one of the following indication, call your doctor instantly:

* Severe skin rash

* Difficulty breathing or swallowing

* wheezing

Unani Medicine

2008-04-02T05:36:00.001-07:00

Origin and Development

UNANI system of medicine be indebted its origin to Greece. It was the Greek philosopher doctor Hippocrates who free Medicine from the realm of false notion and magic, and provide it the status of Science. The theoretical structure of Unani Medicine is support on the knowledge of Hippocrates. Following a number of other Greek researchers had developed the system significantly; Galen stands out as one who alleviates its establishment. On this foundation Islamic doctor like Al-Razi and Ibn Sina Al Zahravi the surgeon and Ibn-Nafis create a grand structure. Unani medicine not developed by absorb what was best in the modern systems of usual medicine in Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Persia, India, China and other Middle East as well as Far East countries.
Diagnosis

Another unique characteristic of the Unani system of medicine is is highlighting on diagnosing a disease through Nabz i.e., pulse, arrhythmic growth of arteries which is felt via fingers. Further methods of diagnosis comprise inspection of Baul i.e., urine, Baraz i.e., stools etc...

Varicella (Chickenpox)

2008-04-01T03:42:00.001-07:00

A disease caused by illness with the varicella zoster virus, which causes fever as well as an itchy rash.

Symptoms

A skin irritation of wound like lesions, cover up the body but generally more concentrated on the face, scalp, and chest. The majority, but not all, infected peoples have fever, which increase just previous to or when the rash become visible.

Impediment

Bacterial infectivity of the skin, swelling of the brain, and pneumonia. Youngsters and adults are more at possibility for severe disease.

Transmission

Multiply by coughing and sneezing, by straight contact, also by aerosolization of virus from skin lesions.

Vaccine

Chickenpox vaccine is the most excellent way to prevent chickenpox. Vaccination not only guards vaccinated persons, it also shrinks the risk for exposure in the community for persons not capable to be vaccinated because of illness or other conditions, plus those who may be at greater risk for severe disease. Also, the vaccine approximately forever prevents against severe disease.

Herbal medicine

2008-03-31T03:59:00.000-07:00

Herbal medicine, moreover named as botanical medicine or phytomedicine, refers to the make use of of any plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal use. Lengthy practiced outside of conventional medicine, herbal medicine is becoming more mainstream as modern analysis and research demonstrate their worth in the treatment and prevention of disease.

Nearly one third of Americans make use of herbs and it is predictable that in 1998 alone $4 billion was spending on herbal products in this country. Unfortunately, a latest study in the New England Journal of Medicine shows that nearly 70% of persons taking herbal medicines were unenthusiastic to reveal their use of complementary and different medicine to their doctors. Since herbal medicines have a mixture of chemicals, each amid a specific action, many are capable of bring out difficult physiological reaction, some of which may make unnecessary or unexpected results when mingle with conventional drugs. Be clear in your mind to consult your doctor before trying any herbal products.

Tuberculosis (TB)

2008-03-28T04:58:00.000-07:00

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria generally attack the lungs, but they can also spoil other parts of the body. TB spreads via the air at what time a person with TB of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes or speaks. If you have been uncovered, you must go to your doctor for check up. You are more possible to get TB if you have a weak resistant system.

Indication of TB in the lungs may consist of

* A bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or extended
* Weight loss
* Coughing up blood or mucus
* Weakness or fatigue
* Fever and chills
* Night sweats

If not take care of correctly, TB can be real deadly. You can generally cure active TB by taking a number of medicines for a lengthy period of time. People with hidden TB can take medicine in order that they do not increase active TB.

Homeopathy

2008-03-27T00:56:00.000-07:00

Homeopathy is based on the thought that bulky doses of a substance cause a symptom, although extremely small doses of that same substance will cure it. Homeopathy was developed by an 18th century German doctor of medicine, Samuel Hahnemann, who found a system based on the olden thought of "like cures like." Homeopathic remedies are prepared from substances diluted thousands of times in water or alcohol.

Will homeopathy help out?

Nearly all scientists say homeopathic remedies are mainly water and can work only as placebos. A placebo is a "sugar pill" which comes out to reduce symptoms using mental suggestion. Though, homeopathic remedies involve by means of products that are secure and have no side effects. If only by the power of the mind, they can be used to decrease the symptoms of self limiting illnesses. Therefore, homeopathic remedies help a few people get through these troubles with fewer symptoms and may shorten the duration of these illnesses.

Foodborne sickness

2008-03-26T04:04:00.000-07:00

Foodborne sicknesses are caused by eating food or drinking beverages infected with bacteria, parasites, or viruses. Harmful chemicals can also cause foodborne sickness if they have infected food at some stage in harvesting or processing.

What are the indications of foodborne sickness?

In the majority cases of foodborne sickness, symptoms look like intestinal flu and may last a few hours or even several days. Indication can range from mild to serious and comprise

* Abdominal cramps

* Nausea

* vomiting

* Diarrhea, which is on occasion bloody

* Fever

* Dehydration

Teen Depression

2008-03-25T05:08:00.001-07:00

Be aware of Teen Depression

It is common for teenagers to rarely feel unhappy. But, when the unhappiness continues for more than two weeks, and the teen understanding other symptoms typical of depression, then he or she may be distress from depression.

High tension surroundings can direct to depression. Teens can increase feelings of insignificance and failure over school presentation, social relations, sexual orientation. If friends or family unit, or things that the teen regularly enjoys, don't help to develop his or her sadness or sense of loneliness, there's a good possibility that he or she is depressed.

What are the indications of Teen Depression?

Frequently, depressed teens will show a salient change in their thoughts and behavior, lose their enthusiasm, or become quiet. The following are the main signs of depression in teenagers.

* Unhappiness, disquiet, or a feeling of depression

* Loss of attention in food or habitual overeating that result in fast weight loss or gain

* Reside awake at night and sleeping throughout the day

* Disappearance as of friends

* Disobedient behavior, rapid drop in grades, or cutting school

* Complaints of trouble with headaches, stomachaches, low back pain, or tiredness

* Exercise of alcohol or drugs and immoral sexual activity

* An addiction with death and dying

Memory loss (Amnesia)

2008-03-24T04:38:00.000-07:00

Definition

Memory loss (amnesia) is unusual lack of memory that can be cause by means of brain injures due to disease or injury, or it can be caused by means of severe emotional trauma. Amnesia happen when the portion of the brain answerable for retrieving stored memories is in some way compromised. This section of the brain is identified as the limbic system.Types of Amnesia: Different Ways to Forget

There are two types of memory. Short-term or “working” memory stores information one wants to remember in the next few seconds, minutes, or hours .Long-term memory take in relational and procedural memory. Relational memory is troubled with relationships between objects and depends on the hippocampus. In amnesia, both relational memory as well as short-term memory may be weakening.

SIDDHA

2008-03-20T02:25:00.000-07:00

Source and Introduction

Siddha method is one of the ancient methods of medicine in India. The word Siddha means achievements and Siddhas were devout persons who achieved results in medicine. Eighteen Siddhas were thought to have contributed on the way to the development of this medical method. Siddha prose is in Tamil and it is practiced largely in Tamil speaking part of India and abroad. The Siddha method is mostly therapeutic in nature.

History:

The Siddhas were great scientists in olden times. According to belief, the origin of Siddha system of medicine is credited to the great Siddha Agasthiyar. A few of his works are still standard books of medicine and operation in daily use along with the Siddha Medical practitioners.

Strength

The Siddha method is able of treating all variety of disease other than emergency cases. Generally this method is efficient in treating all variety of skin problems especially diseases of liver, Psoriasis, urinary tract infections, STD and gastrointestinal tract, postpartum anaemia, general debility, diarrhoea and common fevers as well as arthritis and allergic disorders.

Healing of Diabetes Mellitus through Herbs

2008-03-19T05:00:00.000-07:00

Diabetes, distressing up to one third of the population of developed countries, is the most familiar endocrinologic disorder. Ahead of the more immediately detectable metabolic dysfunction accompany a typical hyperglycemia, long term impediment of diabetes mellitus involve chaos of the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels. Because of the extensive spread prevalence of diabetes and the severity of its problem, wide research and development hard work are underway to find more efficient remedy to get better the quality of life of persons affected by the disease.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrinologic disorder illustrate by high blood levels of glucose due to inadequate secretion of insulin by the pancreas or improper consumption of insulin by target cells.

For patients with Type I, IDDM is also referred towards as juvenile-onset diabetes, with onset in the early on teen years in several patients. Chinese herbs are used in coincidence with insulin to manage symptom and problem. Chinese herbs can also decrease the frequency and quantity of insulin injections. But, it is essential to keep in mind that herbs cannot replace insulin, and patients with IDDM will still need insulin injections.

Chinese herbs are very successful in treating patients with Type II; NIDDM is also referred towards as adult-onset diabetes, with symptom become visible around or after age 40, or into later ages, but rarely affecting children. When advised correctly, Chinese herbs lesser blood glucose levels, deal with common signs and symptoms, and treat the problem of diabetes mellitus. Patients usually take action to herbal treatment within three to four weeks, with significant decrease in blood glucose levels and little variation all through the day. But, some patients may need up to six to eight weeks.

Medicine

2008-03-18T06:18:00.000-07:00

In the extensive sense of 'medicine', there are several different specialties. Though, in medical circles, there are two categories: "Medicine" and "Surgery." "Medicine" refers to the carry out of non-operative medicine, and most subspecialties in this part need preliminary education in "Internal Medicine." "Surgery" refers to the carry out of operative medicine, and most subspecialties in this part need preliminary education in "General Surgery." There are some expertise of medicine that do not well into moreover of these categories, such as radiology, pathology, or anaesthesia.

Surgery has a lot of subspecialties, e.g. general surgery, vascular surgery, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, maxillofacial surgery, cardiovascular surgery, otolaryngology, plastic surgery, oncologic surgery, trauma surgery and pediatric surgery. In a few centre, anesthesiology is part of the division of surgery even though it is not a surgical discipline.

Internal medicine is concerned with general diseases of adults, i.e. individuals diseases that distress the body as a whole, or with all adult non-operative somatic medicine, thus without pediatrics, surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, and psychiatry. Practitioners of such area of expertise are referred to as Physicians.